Special machine tools are indispensable in the processing of specific parts
Special machine tool is a kind of machine tool that is specially suitable for a specific part or a specific process processing, and is often a type of machine tool that is indispensable in the automatic production line production and manufacturing system. In the early days, each machine tool manufacturer had their own common component specifications. In order to improve the interchangeability of common parts of different manufacturers and facilitate user use and repair, in 1953, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Company of the United States negotiated with the American machine tool manufacturer and confirmed the principle of standardization of common parts of combined machine tools, that is, strictly stipulate the contact size between the components, but do not specify the structure of the parts. General parts can be divided into five categories according to their functions: power parts, supporting parts, conveying parts, control parts and auxiliary parts. The power component is the component that supplies the main motion and feed motion for the combined machine tool. The main power box, cutting head and power slide table.
In order to make the combined machine tool can be applied in small and medium-sized batch production, it is often necessary to apply group technology, and concentrate the parts with similar structure and process on a combined machine tool to improve the utilization rate of the machine tool. There are two common types of such machine tools, changeable spindle box type combined machine tools and turret type combined machine tools. The future development of combined machine tools will use more speed regulating motors and ball screws to simplify the structure and shorten the production time; The selection of digital control system and spindle box, fixture automatic replacement system to improve the process adjustability; And subsumed into flexible manufacturing system. Special machine tools generally use multi-axis, multi-tool, multi-process, multi-surface or multi-station processing at the same time, the production power is several times higher than the general machine tool to dozens of times. Because common components are now standardized and serialized, they can be flexibly configured according to demand, which can shorten planning and manufacturing cycles. Therefore, special machine tools have the advantages of low cost and high power, and are widely used in large quantities and mass production, and can be used to form automatic production lines. Special machine tools are generally used for processing box or special shaped parts. When processing, the workpiece is generally not rotated, by the rotary movement of the tool and the relative feed movement of the tool and the workpiece, to complete drilling, reaming, countersinking, reaming, boring, milling plane, cutting internal and external threads and processing outer circle and end face. Some combination machine tools use the turning head to grip the workpiece to rotate, and the feed movement of the tool can also complete the outer circle and end processing of some rotary parts (such as flywheel, automobile rear axle axle, etc.).